Maleakhi 1:3-4

1:3 and rejected Esau. ¹  I turned Esau’s ²  mountains into a deserted wasteland ³  and gave his territory ⁴  to the wild jackals.”

1:4 Edom ⁵  says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord who rules over all ⁶  responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as ⁷  the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased.

[1:3]  ¹ tn Heb “and I loved Jacob, but Esau I hated.” The context indicates this is technical covenant vocabulary in which “love” and “hate” are synonymous with “choose” and “reject” respectively (see Deut 7:8; Jer 31:3; Hos 3:1; 9:15; 11:1).

[1:3]  ² tn Heb “his”; the referent (Esau) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:3]  ³ tn Heb “I set his mountains as a desolation.”

[1:3]  ⁴ tn Or “inheritance” (so NIV, NLT).

[1:4]  ⁵ sn Edom, a “brother” nation to Israel, became almost paradigmatic of hostility toward Israel and God (see Num 20:14-21; Deut 2:8; Jer 49:7-22; Ezek 25:12-14; Amos 1:11-12; Obad 10-12).

[1:4]  ⁶ sn The epithet Lord who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, yÿhvah tsÿva’ot), traditionally translated “Lord of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123-57.

[1:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “and they will call them.” The third person plural subject is indefinite; one could translate, “and people will call them.”